TRANS-Neptunian objects VN112 2004 and 2013 RF98 included in a small but important group of bodies whose orbits have been used as justification for the existence of planet X. the Orbital characteristics of these objects generally have a number of suspicious similarities, which allowed us to put forward the version that they used to be part of a binary system.
During a series of observations VN112 2004 and 2013 RF98 it turned out that the objects have very similar spectra. This means that with very high probability once the bodies were actually in the bundle. Why did she collapsed? Most likely, the reason lies in the same planet X.
Simulations showed that a pair of VN112 2004 and 2013 RF98 had to disperse under the influence of gravity remote object weighing 10 – 20 of the earth, and the semimajor axis of the orbit is 300 – 600.e. These figures fit in with the assumed characteristics of the planet. The collapse had to occur in the interval from 5 to 10 million years ago.
Astronomers Esther Linder and Christoph mordasini from the University of Bern (Switzerland) came to the following conclusions about the physics-chemical properties of this celestial body. Radius 3.7 times larger than Earth. The temperature of the atmosphere, composed of hydrogen and helium, minus 226 degrees Celsius. The gas shell — a layer of water ice with a temperature of minus 63 degrees Celsius. Deeper, thin layer of silicate mantle beneath the iron core. Its temperature is estimated at 3.4 thousand degrees Celsius. According to astronomers, planet X emits about a thousand times more energy than it absorbs, and gradually cooled. Scientists believe that planet X is a reduced copy of the gas giants Uranus and Neptune.
American colleagues of astronomers believe that the color of Planet X — dark blue, darker Neptune, which in the optical range has a dark blue hue, and Uranium, with its light blue gas shell. Since the temperature of the Planet X is extremely low, gaseous methane in the atmosphere is practically absent, in contrast to the gas envelope of Neptune. This connection, according to scientists, condenseries and is located at the base of the planet’s atmosphere or clouds.
Planet X, according to astronomers, is able to perturb the orbits of celestial bodies in the Solar system and throw them out of it. The researchers analyzed the impact of Planet X on the movement of six extreme objects beyond the orbit of Neptune, the semimajor axis of the orbit exceeding 150 astronomical units and a perihelion — 30 astronomical units.
Simulations showed that the orbit of the dwarf planet candidate Sedna and 2012 VP113 will remain in stable condition over the next few hundred million years. On the other hand, the trajectory of TRANS-Neptunian objects VN112 2004, 2007 and 2013 TG422 RF98 (the diameter of these heavenly bodies reach 100-300 kilometers) unstable and they can be thrown out the Planet X of the Solar system.
Also the influence of Planet X French and Brazilian astronomers explained the inclination of the Laplace plane of the Solar system. The researchers examined the dynamics of four giant planets — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Each of these heavenly bodies affect the total vector angular momentum of the Solar system perpendicular to the plane of Laplace. Astronomers have studied the effects of Planet X the Sun and the giant planets. It turned out that this effect explains the tilt of six degrees between the plane and the Laplace plane of the solar equator.
The analytical model describes the amount of tilt depending on the mass, eccentricity (parameter of elongation of the orbit), semimajor axis of the orbit of Planet X and the characteristics of giants. A few days before the publication of this discovery, the similar conclusions presented in collaboration with the discoverers of a Planet X astronomer Elizabeth Bailey.
Astrophysics Daniel Vitmaiyer and John Matese from the United States has accused Planet X in the mass extinction of animals on Earth, occurring every 27 million years. The theory is based on the fact that the orbit of Planet X around the Sun is tilted slowly, and every 27 million years crosses the Kuiper belt (located at a distance of from 30 to 55 astronomical units from the Sun). This leads to gravitational perturbations, and the planet X pushes the comet from the Kuiper belt into the Solar system. Those bombard planets (including the Earth). As you get closer to the Sun, they break into fragments, impeding the access of sunlight to the heavenly bodies (including Earth).
According to scientists, this scenario is most suitable for space explanation for the mass extinction of animals. Two other scenarios — the presence of a second star near the Sun and the vertical oscillations of the lights as it rotates around the center of the galaxy, as the authors note, do not get paleontological confirmation. For the first time his hypothesis Vitmaiyer and mats offered in 1985. Their study was published in the journal Nature and the publication of a Time (picture on cover). According to the initial hypothesis of scientists, planet X is 1-5 times heavier than Earth and located in a hundred times farther from the Sun.
Astronomers Carlos and Raul de La Fuente Marcos believe that beyond the orbit of Pluto is located not one, but two super-earths. Available data on the precession of the perihelion of Sedna, 148209, 2004 VN112, 2007 TG422, 2010 GB174, 2012 VP113 and 2013 RF98 get, according to the authors, a good explanation if to assume the presence of at least two giant celestial bodies, which could be planet X. the possibility of the existence beyond Pluto two supertall Carlos and Raul de La Fuente Marcos say from 2014.
All the conclusions about the Planet X is not based on direct observations and on the analysis of the exerted impact on other celestial bodies, and computer simulation data.